According to a USGS report (Fester et al., 2018), a new record rainfall total of 35.93 in. (0.91 m) was set during the hurricane in Elizabethtown, NC. Surge, the rainfall caused widespread flooding along a large swath of the NCĬoast and inland flooding in cities such as Fayetteville, Smithfield, Rainfall throughout the Carolinas for several days.
The slow motion of the storm after the landfall brought heavy It made landfall south of Wrightsville Beach near the borderīetween NC and South Carolina (SC) as a category 1 hurricane onġ4 September. Originating from a strong tropical wave near Cape Verde, west Africa, it acquired tropical storm strength on 1 September, followed by a rapid intensification to a category 4 status on 4 September, with estimated maximum sustained winds of 130 mph (58 m s −1), and eventually reaching its maximum strength onġ1 September. Hurricane Florence was the first major hurricane of the 2018 Atlantic hurricane season. Hurricane season (which had several very wet storms) highlights the urgencyĪnd exposes the current knowledge gap for understanding compound floodingĪ recent example for compound flood events is Hurricane Florence that impacted a large area of North Carolina (NC) in September 2018. Potential rainfall and flooding impacts to be glossed over in initialįorecasts that emphasize hurricane category. Hurricane intensity scale, which is entirely based on wind speed, leaving the Compound flooding highlights one of the major pitfalls of the current
Of flooding from the same or different origins (river, storm surge and rainfall),Įspecially in the coastal transitional zone that sits at the border betweenĬoastal, estuarine, and hydrologic regimes (Santiago-Collazo et al.,Ģ019). Recently, more frequent occurrences of “wet” hurricanes (i.e., hurricanesĪccompanied by heavy precipitation) that stall near the coast (Pfahl et al.,Ģ017 Hall and Kossin, 2019) have brought new challenges to coastalĬommunities in the form of compound flooding, which is defined as concurrence Operational forecasts based on the current model are being set up at NOAA to help coastal resource and emergency managers with disaster planning and mitigation efforts. Results from sensitivity tests applying each of the three major forcing factors (oceanic, fluvial, and pluvial) separately are succinctly summarized in a “dominance map” that highlights significant compound effects in most of the affected coastal watersheds, estuaries, and back bays behind the barrier islands. The wave effects are found to be significant near barrier islands and have contributed to some observed over-toppings and breaches. Locally very high resolution is used in some watershed areas in order to resolve small features that turn out to be critical for capturing the observed high water marks locally. We examine the important role played by barrier islands in the observed compound surges in the coastal watershed. We study the compound flooding processes that occurred in Hurricane Florence (2018), which was accompanied by heavy precipitation, using a 3D creek-to-ocean hydrodynamic model.
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